{"id":927,"date":"2025-09-08T11:09:56","date_gmt":"2025-09-08T09:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nanoprogress.eu\/?post_type=aktuality&#038;p=927"},"modified":"2025-09-08T11:22:39","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T09:22:39","slug":"kam-jsme-posunuli-nanotechnologie","status":"publish","type":"aktuality","link":"https:\/\/www.nanoprogress.eu\/cs\/aktuality\/kam-jsme-posunuli-nanotechnologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Kam jsme posunuli nanotechnologie?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Kdy\u017e v\u00a0roce 2010 \u010dty\u0159i nad\u0161enci do nanotechnologi\u00ed zakl\u00e1dali klastr <strong>NANOPROGRESS,<\/strong> netu\u0161ili, jak velk\u00e9 objevy je v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech \u010dekaj\u00ed a jak z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem ovlivn\u00ed \u0159adu pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch a zdravotnick\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed. Od samotn\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku byla pozornost up\u0159ena na polymern\u00ed materi\u00e1ly a jejich transformaci do nanovl\u00e1ken prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm elektrostatick\u00e9ho zvl\u00e1k\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00e1hy po zalo\u017een\u00ed klastru se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo zkonstruovat za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1zalo vytv\u00e1\u0159et nanovl\u00e1kna z\u00a0\u0159ady polymer\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho proudu. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm nov\u00fdm patentov\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdm prvkem tohoto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byla tzv. p\u0159eplavovac\u00ed elektroda, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila p\u0159\u00edpravu nanovl\u00e1ken z\u00a0mnoha syntetick\u00fdch polymer\u016f, jako jsou polyamid, polyurethan, \u010di polyvinylbutyral , ale tak\u00e9 z\u00a0\u0159ady biokompatibiln\u00edch a biodegrabiln\u00edch polymer\u016f jako jsou polykaprolacton, polyvinylalkohol, kolagen a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdznamnou inovac\u00ed byl v\u00fdvoj zvl\u00e1k\u0148ovac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edpravu koaxi\u00e1ln\u00edch, tedy dut\u00fdch nanovl\u00e1ken. Tato nanovl\u00e1kna lze vyrobit z\u00a0biodegrabiln\u00edch polymer\u016f a jejich dutinu naplnit nap\u0159\u00edklad l\u00e9\u010divy \u010di jin\u00fdmi biologicky aktivn\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami. T\u00edm zapo\u010dala \u00e9ra tzv. funkcionalizace nanovl\u00e1ken, kter\u00e1 jim vedle vlastnost\u00ed dan\u00fdch prostorovou strukturou vl\u00e1ken p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed p\u0159idanou hodnotu nanovl\u00e1ken. Schopnost funkcionalizace nanovl\u00e1ken se stala kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm\u00a0 prvkem klastru NANOPROGRESS, kter\u00fd n\u00e1s a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti odli\u0161uje od naprost\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny konkurence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S&nbsp;t\u00edm, jak rostly na\u0161e v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 aktivity, se v&nbsp;roce 2012 uk\u00e1zalo nezbytn\u00e9 zalo\u017eit specializovanou Laborato\u0159 pokro\u010dil\u00fdch nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00fdch struktur, kter\u00e1 s\u00eddl\u00ed v&nbsp;pronajat\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch Technick\u00e9 Univerzity v&nbsp;Liberci. D\u00edky aktivit\u00e1m t\u00e9to&nbsp; laborato\u0159e v roce 2014 do\u0161lo ke dv\u011bma p\u0159elomov\u00fdm objev\u016fm. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee k&nbsp;produkci nanovl\u00e1ken lze pou\u017e\u00edt nejen stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd (DC) elektrick\u00fd proud, ale \u017ee proces zvl\u00e1k\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed funguje je\u0161t\u011b daleko l\u00e9pe za vyu\u017eit\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu (AC). Pr\u00e1v\u011b velmi omezen\u00e1 produktivita DC zvl\u00e1k\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed siln\u011b limitovala jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed pro produk\u010dn\u00ed provoz. Naproti tomu, AC zvl\u00e1k\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vynik\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed produktivitou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017e\u0148uje ovliv\u0148ovat \u0159adu procesn\u00edch parametr\u016f a t\u00edm m\u011bnit vlastnosti vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch nanovl\u00e1ken podle c\u00edlov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. Tato sv\u011btov\u011b unik\u00e1tn\u00ed AC technologie se stala dal\u0161\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u011b-v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm prvkem klastru (patentov\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdm) a drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina na\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 produkce nanomateri\u00e1l\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z&nbsp;t\u00e9to technologie. Druh\u00fdm p\u0159elomov\u00fdm objevem byla p\u0159\u00edprava line\u00e1rn\u00edch nanostruktur. Do t\u00e9 doby byly ve\u0161ker\u00e9 nanomateri\u00e1ly vytv\u00e1\u0159eny ve form\u011b plo\u0161n\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny a r\u016fzn\u00e9 hustot\u011b a plo\u0161n\u00e9 hmotnosti. N\u00e1m se poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ij\u00edt s&nbsp;technologi\u00ed, kdy jsou nanovl\u00e1kna zachycov\u00e1na na nosn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno a t\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed k&nbsp;tvorb\u011b nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edze. Tyto p\u0159\u00edze um\u00edme p\u0159ipravit z&nbsp;des\u00edtek syntetick\u00fdch \u010di biopolymer\u016f v&nbsp;mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fm\u011brech a lze je vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edmo, \u010di zpracov\u00e1vat pomoc\u00ed konven\u010dn\u00edch textiln\u00edch technologi\u00ed, jako je tkan\u00ed, pleten\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed. To zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo mo\u017enosti aplikac\u00ed nanovl\u00e1ken do dal\u0161\u00edch obor\u016f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ne\u00fanavn\u011b jsme pracovali na dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvoji AC zvl\u00e1k\u0148ovac\u00ed technologie jak plo\u0161n\u00fdch, tak line\u00e1rn\u00edch struktur a zejm\u00e9na v&nbsp;mo\u017enostech jejich pokro\u010dil\u00e9 funkcionalizace. V&nbsp;roce 2020 se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo do procesu AC zvl\u00e1k\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed integrovat tzv. napra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00edky t\u00e9to inovaci dok\u00e1\u017eeme do mezivl\u00e1kenn\u00fdch prostor inkorporovat a fixovat jemn\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a partikule a vytvo\u0159it tak kompozitn\u00ed nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00e9 struktury. Takto lze nap\u0159\u00edklad inkorporovat aktivn\u00ed uhl\u00ed do nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00e9 filtra\u010dn\u00ed membr\u00e1ny a t\u00edm j\u00ed dodat vedle standardn\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 filtra\u010dn\u00ed funkce i sorp\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti. Takto p\u0159ipraven\u00e1 kompozitn\u00ed membr\u00e1na je schopn\u00e1 jak ze vzduchu, tak z&nbsp;vody odstranit mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9 rozmez\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic a kontaminant\u016f.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hybnou silou v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje realizovan\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci klastru NANOPROGRESS bylo v\u017edy synergick\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f klastru do procesu VaV na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce od v\u00fdrobc\u016f chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a syntetik\u016f polymer\u016f, p\u0159es analytickou podporu, vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e nanotechnologi\u00ed a zvl\u00e1k\u0148ovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u017e po aplik\u00e1tory vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed do komer\u010dn\u00edch aplikac\u00ed a produkt\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky intenzivn\u00edmu v\u00fdzkumu a zapojen\u00ed mnoha \u010dlen\u016f klastru se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo vyvinout \u0159adu unik\u00e1tn\u00edch technologick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a produkt\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze rozd\u011blit do t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch skupin:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biomedic\u00edna,&nbsp; zdravotnictv\u00ed a kosmetika<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky \u2013 respir\u00e1tory, rou\u0161ky. D\u00edky sv\u011btov\u00e9 pandemii Covid jsme urychlili v\u00fdvoj ochrann\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, kdy nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00e1 membr\u00e1na zajist\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysokou ochranu proti virov\u00fdm a bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edm patogen\u016fm a z\u00e1rove\u0148 funkcionalizace vl\u00e1ken pomoc\u00ed biocidn\u00edch l\u00e1tek (betadine) je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce umoc\u0148uje ochrann\u00fd efekt a prodlu\u017euje dobu pou\u017eitelnosti rou\u0161ky \u010di respir\u00e1toru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Implantabiln\u00ed nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00e9 nosi\u010de a kryty ran. Nanostruktury z\u00a0biodegrabiln\u00edch polymer\u016f funkcionalizovan\u00e9 biologicky aktivn\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami z\u00a0kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk pro l\u00e9\u010dbu defekt\u016f kost\u00ed, \u0161lach, chrupavek a poran\u011bn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, kdy nanovl\u00e1kna slou\u017e\u00ed jako podp\u016frn\u00fd matrix pro r\u016fst bun\u011bk, z\u00e1rove\u0148 podstupuj\u00ed pozvolnou biodegradaci a t\u00edm postupn\u011b uvol\u0148uj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b po\u0161kozen\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b, \u010d\u00edm\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed regenerativn\u00ed efekt.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kosmetick\u00e9 masky na b\u00e1zi nanovl\u00e1ken funkcionalizovan\u00e9 aktivn\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami, vitam\u00edny, kdy d\u00edky mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b velk\u00e9mu aktivn\u00edmu povrchu nanovl\u00e1ken doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0vysoce efektivn\u00edmu transportu aktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek do k\u016f\u017ee.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Filtra\u010dn\u00ed nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny pro filtraci vody a vzduchu, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b funkcionalizovan\u00e9 inkorporac\u00ed sorp\u010dn\u00ed, antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di antifoulingov\u00e9 slo\u017eky. Tyto membr\u00e1ny jsou schopny velmi efektivn\u011b odstra\u0148ovat jak ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice a patogeny, tak i p\u0159isp\u011bt k\u00a0zachycen\u00ed \u0159ady kontaminant\u016f, \u010di zamezovat zar\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed filtra\u010dn\u00ed membr\u00e1ny biofilmem, kter\u00fd sni\u017euje filtra\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00e9 nosi\u010de bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed biomasy pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vod. Nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edze zpracovan\u00e9 do podoby 3D nosi\u010d\u016f jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm pro r\u016fst mikroorganism\u016f, kter\u00e9 z\u00a0vody efektivn\u011b odbour\u00e1vaj\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed kontaminanty v\u010detn\u011b pesticid\u016f, rezidu\u00ed l\u00e9\u010div a hormon\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch mikropolutant\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00e9 filtry pro filtraci rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f, v\u00edna, destil\u00e1t\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed. Filtry na b\u00e1zi nanovl\u00e1ken poskytuj\u00ed vysokou efektivitu filtrace a d\u00edky vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed propustnosti i sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed energetick\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tyto filtry d\u00edky specifick\u00fdm vlastnostem nanostruktur prokazuj\u00ed t\u00e9\u017e kvantov\u011b sorp\u010dn\u00ed efekty a dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tak nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00a0rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f \u010di v\u00edna eliminovat ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed fosfatidy, rezidua pesticid\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tek a t\u00edm\u00a0 v\u00a0jednom procesn\u00edm kroku v\u00fdznamn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it senzorickou a nutri\u010dn\u00ed kvalitu filtrovan\u00fdch potravin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inteligentn\u00ed textilie. Nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00e9 textilie s\u00a0inkorporovanou elektricky vodivou slo\u017ekou pro ochrann\u00e9 od\u011bvy do v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Textilie s\u00a0napr\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdm aktivn\u00edm uhl\u00edm pro ochrann\u00e9 od\u011bvy do prost\u0159ed\u00ed kontaminovan\u00e9ho CBRN l\u00e1tkami. Textilie s\u00a0integrovan\u00fdmi nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00fdmi biosenzory pro detekci specifick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":546,"template":"","kategorie_aktualit":[27],"class_list":["post-927","aktuality","type-aktuality","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategorie_aktualit-aktualita"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanoprogress.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/aktuality\/927","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanoprogress.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/aktuality"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanoprogress.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/aktuality"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanoprogress.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/546"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanoprogress.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kategorie_aktualit","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanoprogress.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategorie_aktualit?post=927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}